ACUTE RENAL FAILURE ARF definition-ARF may be defined as an sudden fall in glomerular filtration rate

Commanlly affects boys and young males Macroscopic hematuria persist in-between attacks and protinuria absents or moderate Renal pathology in moat cases is IgA naphropathy (Berger's disease Course is often benign; some patients tend to develop progressive renal -feast. Treatment None specific 6 PERSISTENT ASYMPTOMATIC PROTEINURIA AND/OR HEMATURIA - in an apparently healthy parson is deflected on routine medical examination. Causes - (a) Primary glomerulardlsease -Mesangial proliferate GN, mesanglocapillary GN. Membrainous GN focal segmental glomerulosclerosls. (b) Multisystem disease - SLE. Henoch-Schonlein purpura (c) miscellaneous - (I) Renal - Tumor, cystic disease ol kidney, renal tubarculasis, tubointerstital nephropathy (ii) Non-renal - Urothelial tumors, prostates disease Investigations - Assessment of renal structure and function including urine mcroscapy and culture. IVU and ultrasound Renal biopsy if evidtence of disease progression. particularly if the process is amenable to therapy 7 HYPERTENSION - icidence of hypertension In patients with renal disease rises as renal function declines. Two major mechanism are reaponasible (a) Raised BP as are result of renal or renal vascular disease - (I) increase in body sodium and water content (ii) inappropriately Incised activity of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system [b) Renal damage as consequence of raised BP-The elect of hypertension dependa on whether the raised pressure is In the benign phase or accelerated phase In the latter, rapid progression to rinal failure is the rule 4 ACUTE RENAL FAILURE ARF definition-ARF may be defined as an sudden fall in glomerular filtration rate sufficiant to cause uremia, ouguiya (<>