excretion is followed by surface scanning öf the kidnevs, to determine if renal function iS dvlded equalIy between the kidheys. Radocontrasl agsnl cle

triamtersne, amiloride, spironolactone, probenecld) (d) Hemoconcentration (e.g. diabetas insipidus), Decrease - (a) Incresed GFR (b) Reduced creatinine load (reduced muscle maas, Iiver failure) (c) Hemodilution (e.g. antidiuretic hormone excess). Plasma urea concentration. Normal equal lo or <> 20-25 mmol/1.if >50-60 increaslngly severe symtoms. Normal ratio of plasma. urea 60-80 CAUSES OFHIGH UREA CREATININE RATfIO (>8O due to factor othar than renal failüre) Increased urea generation - (a) High protein diat (b) Upper Gi bleading (c) Cataboilc illness. (d) Coriciostaroid or tetracyclina toxicity increased lubular urea resorption -(a) Dehydration (b) Salt depletion (c) Hypotension Both factors may coexist Radlotsotope matker clearance. 51Cr-EDTA and 1251-lothalamata are excreted entlrely by glomerular flltration The substance is injected l .v. and clearance. determined by measurement öf radioactlvlty in plasma or urlne. The tagt is msto approprlaie for assessment of renal funclion in patiants wrth normal or near normal plasma creatinine Tachnetium dethylamlne penra-acetc acid (DTPA) is injected iv, the rate of excretion is followed by surface scanning öf the kidnaevs, to determine if renal function iS dvlded equalIy between the kidheys. Radocontrasl agsnl clearance. Assessing the btood claarance öf these agents after i.v. injectlon e useful In patilents in whom GFR is changing rapidy (e.g. evolving or recovering acute renal failure) lll Assessment of flltrtion barrier
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