The commonest substance is lysergic acid dethylamide (LSD) The physical effects of this drug are sympathomimetic

whether it is euphoria, dapression or anxiety Distortion of time and space and increased enjoyment of aesthetic experience are often reported Additionally, there may be reddening of the eyes. dryness of mouth and irritation of respiratory tract Chronic use of cannabis may at times lead to a state of lethargy, apathy and indolence- amotivational syndrome cannable use could also prcipitate an acute psychosis Convincing evidence of a definite with drawal syndrome, however, is lackting it is for this reason that detection of use of cannabis can be dificult at times. Abuse and defendence of halluinogens. The commonest substance is lysergic acid dethylamide (LSD) The physical effects of this drug are sympathomimetic In nature -tachyoardia.popullary dilatation etc.the psychologica effects are precepyua in nature, occurring in a state of full coneciousness The principal symptome Include illusions . hallucinations subjective feeling of intensification of percepytions and synaesthesias The latter term signifies a confusion between sensory modalities, e,g sounds are perceived as visual There may be accompanying anxiety or depression, fear of losing one's sanity, ideas of reference and impairment of judger Abuse and derfendence of other drugs - tobacco - with drawal symptome following abrupt cessation of its use include craving for tobbaco, irritablillity resutlessness headche difficulty In concentration gl disturdances caffeins Clinical features of intoxitation are restlessness. excitement . insomnia. psychomotor agitation. flushing of face. gl disturbances muscle twiching and and cardiac arrhythmias - phencyclidine -This drug was introduced as an analgesic and general anaesthetic agent but has been withdrawn because of side effects features of infoxicaetion include agitation afteration in consciousnees, psychosis, nystagmus, hypertension, ataxia,convulsion, muscie rigidity and sometimes an adrenergic Crisis withdrawl syndrome is characterised by craving for the drug.anergia and physical discomfort treatment; of substance use disorders - 1 treatment of withdrawas syndromes - this is carried out preferably in hospital the ganeral treatment plan consiets of abrupt cessation of tha use the offending drug along with parentera or oral tranqullisars. e g hataperidol 10-30 mg/day, or dizepam 10-20 mg/day, or cholardiezepoxide 30-100 mg/day however. abrupt withdrawal of barbkturates is Traught with dangar and may lead to setzures and at time to death Hence Barbiturates shuold be withdrawn gradually. or a short-acting barbiturate or benzodiazeepine substituted in place of the abused drug. 2 Maintenance of nutrition status of the patient 3 Treatment of any physical complications such as infection. epileptic. seizures, complications due to selfinjection of drugs. etc. 4 Therapy with drugs that act as deterrent, e. g disulfiram in alcoholism The drug is given in a loading dose of 600-1000 mg/day and then reduced to maintence dose of 125-250 mg/day These drugs havew to be given only ofter complete recovery from withdrawal sympomes. 5 Treatment of associatedp psychiatric disorder- Psychothrapy may be useful even in the absence of an associated psychiatric disorder 6 Referral to agencies concerned with drug-dependence. e.g Aicoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous B eating DlSORDER Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are the two disorders which mainly affect women Cases unresponsive to Treatment ara associated with signlficani mortality chronic form of these disorders develop in 25% of pts